6.2. Mapping Define¶

dict are key-value storage (HashMap)
Mutable - can add, remove, and modify items
Since Python 3.7: dict keeps order of elements
Before Python 3.7: dict order is not ensured!!

6.2.1. Syntax¶

{} is used more often
dict() is more readable
Comma after last element is optional

>>> data = {}
>>> data = dict()

>>> data = {
...    'commander': 'Melissa Lewis',
...    'botanist': 'Mark Watney',
...    'pilot': 'Rick Martinez',
... }

>>> data = dict(
...     commander='Melissa Lewis',
...     botanist='Mark Watney',
...     pilot='Rick Martinez',
... )

6.2.2. Duplicates¶

Duplicating items are overridden by latter:

>>> data = {
...     'commander': 'Mark Watney',
...     'commander': 'Melissa Lewis',
... }
>>>
>>> data
{'commander': 'Melissa Lewis'}

6.2.3. Dict vs Set¶

Both set and dict keys must be hashable
Both set and dict uses the same { and } braces
Despite similar syntax, they are different types

>>> data = {1, 2}
>>> type(data)
<class 'set'>
>>>
>>>
>>> data = {1: 2}
>>> type(data)
<class 'dict'>

>>> data = {1, 2, 3, 4}
>>> type(data)
<class 'set'>
>>>
>>>
>>> data = {1: 2, 3: 4}
>>> type(data)
<class 'dict'>

Empty dict and empty set:

>>> data = {1: None}
>>> _ = data.pop(1)
>>>
>>> data
{}

>>> data = {1}
>>> _ = data.pop()
>>>
>>> data
set()

6.2.4. Length¶

>>> crew = {
...    'commander': 'Melissa Lewis',
...    'botanist': 'Mark Watney',
...    'pilot': 'Rick Martinez'}
>>>
>>>
>>> len(crew)
3
>>>
>>> len(crew.keys())
3
>>>
>>> len(crew.values())
3
>>>
>>> len(crew.items())
3

6.2.5. Use Case - 0x1¶

GIT - version control system

>>> git = {
...    'ce16a8ce': 'commit/1',
...    'cae6b510': 'commit/2',
...    '895444a6': 'commit/3',
...    'aef731b5': 'commit/4',
...    '4a92bc79': 'branch/master',
...    'b3bbd85a': 'tag/v1.0',
... }

6.2.6. Assignments¶

Code 6.1. Solution¶

"""
* Assignment: Mapping Define Dict
* Required: yes
* Complexity: easy
* Lines of code: 3 lines
* Time: 3 min

English:
    1. Create `result: dict` representing input data
    2. Non-functional requirements:
        a. Assignmnet verifies creation of `dict()`
        b. Do not parse data, simply model it using dict
        c. Do not use `str.split()`, `slice`, `getitem`, `for`, `while` or
           any other control-flow statement
    3. Run doctests - all must succeed

Polish:
    1. Stwórz `result: dict` reprezentujący dane wejściowe
    2. Wymagania niefunkcjonalne:
        a. Zadanie sprawdza tworzenie `dict()`
        b. Nie parsuj danych, po prostu zamodeluj je jako dict
        c. Nie używaj `str.split()`, `slice`, `getitem`, `for`, `while` lub
           jakiejkolwiek innej instrukcji sterującej
    3. Uruchom doctesty - wszystkie muszą się powieść

Tests:
    >>> import sys; sys.tracebacklimit = 0

    >>> assert type(result) is dict, \
    'Variable `result` has invalid type, should be dict'
    >>> assert 'firstname' in result.keys(), \
    'Value `firstname` is not in the result keys'
    >>> assert 'lastname' in result.keys(), \
    'Value `lastname` is not in the result keys'
    >>> assert 'missions' in result.keys(), \
    'Value `missions` is not in the result keys'
    >>> assert 'Mark' in result['firstname'], \
    'Value `Mark` is not in the result values'
    >>> assert 'Watney' in result['lastname'], \
    'Value `Watney` is not in the result values'
    >>> assert 'Ares1' in result['missions'], \
    'Value `Ares1` is not in the result values'
    >>> assert 'Ares3' in result['missions'], \
    'Value `Ares3` is not in the result values'
"""


# firstname - Mark
# lastname - Watney
# missions - Ares1, Ares3

# Define dict with keys: firstname, lastname and missions
# type: dict[str,str|list]
result = ...