10.6. Operator Builtin

  • abs

  • bool

  • complex

  • del

  • delattr

  • dir

  • divmod

  • float

  • getattr

  • hash

  • hex

  • int

  • iter

  • len

  • next

  • oct

  • pow

  • reversed

  • round

  • setattr

10.6.1. About

Table 10.5. Builtin Functions Overload

Function

Method

abs(obj)

obj.__abs__()

bool(obj)

obj.__bool__()

complex(obj)

obj.__complex__()

del obj

obj.__del__()

delattr(obj, name)

obj.__delattr__(name)

dir(obj)

obj.__dir__()

divmod(obj, other)

obj.__divmod__(other)

float(obj)

obj.__float__()

getattr(obj, name, default)

obj.__getattr__(name, default)

hash(obj)

obj.__hash__()

hex(obj)

obj.__hex__()

int(obj)

obj.__int__()

iter(obj)

obj.__iter__()

len(obj)

obj.__len__()

next(obj)

obj.__next__()

oct(obj)

obj.__oct__()

pow(obj)

obj.__pow__()

reversed(obj)

obj.__reversed__()

round(obj, ndigits)

obj.__round__(ndigits)

setattr(obj, name)

obj.__setattr__(name)

10.6.2. Length

>>> data = [1, 2, 3]
>>>
>>> len(data)
3
>>>
>>> data.__len__()
3

This is because len(data) calls data.__len__().

>>> class Astronaut:
...     pass
...
>>>
>>> a = Astronaut()
>>>
>>> len(a)
Traceback (most recent call last):
TypeError: object of type 'Astronaut' has no len()

>>> class Astronaut:
...     def __len__(self):
...         return 69
>>>
>>>
>>> a = Astronaut()
>>>
>>> len(a)
69

10.6.3. Float

>>> class Astronaut:
...     pass
...
>>>
>>> a = Astronaut()
>>>
>>> float(a)
Traceback (most recent call last):
TypeError: float() argument must be a string or a real number, not 'Astronaut'

>>> class Astronaut:
...     def __float__(self):
...         return 13.37
...
>>>
>>> a = Astronaut()
>>>
>>> float(a)
13.37

10.6.4. Abs

>>> from math import sqrt
>>> from dataclasses import dataclass
>>>
>>>
>>> @dataclass
... class Vector:
...     x: int = 0
...     y: int = 0
...
...     def __abs__(self):
...         return sqrt(self.x**2 + self.y**2)
>>>
>>>
>>> abs(Vector(x=3, y=4))
5.0

10.6.5. Round

>>> pi = 3.1415
>>>
>>> type(pi)
<class 'float'>
>>>
>>> round(pi, 2)
3.14
>>>
>>> float.__round__(pi, 2)
3.14

10.6.6. Use Case - 0x01

>>> class Astronaut:
...     def __float__(self) -> float:
...         return 1961.0
...
...     def __int__(self) -> int:
...         return 1969
...
...     def __len__(self) -> int:
...         return 170
...
...     def __str__(self) -> str:
...         return 'My name... José Jiménez'
...
...     def __repr__(self) -> str:
...         return f'Astronaut()'
>>>
>>>
>>> astro = Astronaut()
>>>
>>> float(astro)
1961.0
>>>
>>> int(astro)
1969
>>>
>>> len(astro)
170
>>>
>>> repr(astro)
'Astronaut()'
>>>
>>> str(astro)
'My name... José Jiménez'
>>>
>>> print(astro)
My name... José Jiménez